Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar
➡️ AISI 422 | UNS S42200 | EN 1.4935 | ASTM A276
➡️ ASTM, EN, JIS & International Standards
➡️ Supply Conditions
➡️ Multiple Diameters & Supply Lengths
➡️ Global Export & International Delivery
Country of Origin:
Europe, Japan, USA
Material Type:
Stainless Steel
UNS Number:
S42200
Wr. No.:
1.4935
MTC Available:
EN 10204 3.1
Product Description for Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar
Type 422 (UNS S42200) is a martensitic 12% chromium stainless steel, and bar is bought principally to ASTM A565 / A565M as Grade 616, the standard written for martensitic stainless bars in high-temperature service. ASTM A276 / A276M and ASTM A473 also cover it where those specifications are called out.
The composition is 12Cr with molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium added. Those three form stable carbides that resist coarsening, and that is what lets the grade hold high strength and creep resistance to around 650 C. Oxidation resistance is moderate, and damping capacity is good.
Bar arrives hardened and tempered: austenitised at roughly 1040-1065 C, oil quenched, then double tempered above the intended service temperature. Diameters usually run 16 mm to 250 mm, hot-rolled or forged, and may be rough-turned, peeled or ground.
For turbine-quality material, electroslag remelted bar is often specified along with ultrasonic examination, magnetic particle inspection and controlled grain size, since cleanliness governs fatigue life in rotating parts.
Machining is done on hardened and tempered material sitting around 277-331 HB, so tooling and feeds have to be set for that rather than for annealed stock.
The structure is tempered martensite, so the bar stays magnetic in every condition and its properties track the tempering temperature closely. Toughness is moderate. Welding needs preheat and a full post-weld heat treatment, which is why many components are machined from bar instead.
Typical work includes steam-turbine blades and buckets, turbine bolting, valve stems and internals for high-pressure steam, compressor parts, gas-turbine components and heavily stressed fasteners, mostly in thermal and combined-cycle power generation, oil and gas processing and heavy engineering.
Common Applications of Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar
➡️ Machined shafts, spindles, valve stems, pump sleeves and pins for food, beverage, dairy and pharmaceutical equipment, where the passive chromium oxide film resists both product acids and caustic clean-in-place chemicals.
➡️ Fasteners, studs, bolts, threaded rod and anchor components produced from bar stock, chosen for corrosion resistance combined with the ductility needed for cold heading and thread rolling.
➡️ Chemical, water treatment and general process plant parts such as agitator shafts, flange blanks, nozzles and support components handling water, steam and mildly corrosive media free of significant chlorides.
➡️ Architectural and structural hardware including handrail stanchions, balustrade fittings, tension rods and bollards, where a bright ground or polished bar finish provides both appearance and low maintenance.
International Equivalent Grade for SS 422 Round Bar
Standard
Country / Region
Grade
ASTM A565 / A565M
USA
Grade 616 (UNS S42200)
ASTM A276 / A276M
USA
Type 422 (UNS S42200)
ASTM A473
USA
Type 422 (forgings)
EN 10269 / DIN 17240
Europe / EU
1.4935 (X20CrMoWV12-1)
JIS G4311
Japan
SUH 616
ISO 4955
International
X20CrMoWV12-1
Technical Specification for Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar
Specification
Value
Unit
Material
Stainless steel
-
Grade
422 / UNS S42200 / ASTM A565 Grade 616
-
Product Form
Round bar / rod
-
Standard
ASTM A565 / A565M, ASTM A276 / A276M
-
Diameter
16 - 250 (typical supply range)
mm
Length
3 - 6 (random), or cut to length
m
Manufacturing Process
Hot rolled or forged, hardened and tempered
-
Production Route
EAF + AOD or ESR refining for critical turbine service
-
Surface Finish
Hot-rolled, rough-turned, peeled, smooth-turned, ground
-
Heat Treatment / Delivery Condition
Austenitised 1040-1065 C, oil quenched, double tempered 620-700 C
-
Tolerance Standard
ASTM A484 / A484M
-
Density
7.80 (typical)
g/cm3
Melting Range
1425 - 1510 (typical)
C
Thermal Conductivity at 100 C
24.0 (typical)
W/m.K
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (20-100 C)
11.2 (typical)
um/m.C
Specific Heat (0-100 C)
460 (typical)
J/kg.K
Electrical Resistivity at 20 C
0.60 (typical)
uOhm.m
Modulus of Elasticity at 20 C
215 (typical)
GPa
Magnetic Properties
Ferromagnetic in all conditions
-
Maximum Service Temperature
650 (typical, continuous)
C
Testing / Inspection Standard
ASTM A370 for mechanical testing, ASTM A565 for impact and hardness
-
Certification / Inspection Documents
EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 mill test certificate
-
Technical Specifications
Get the key technical specifications for Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar
ASTM A565 / A565M Grade 616 is the usual ordering standard. It fixes composition, heat treatment, mechanical requirements and impact testing for martensitic stainless bars meant for high-temperature duty. ASTM A276 / A276M applies where the material is treated as general-purpose Type 422, and either way dimensional tolerances follow ASTM A484 / A484M.
Bar is delivered hardened and tempered. Austenitising is around 1040-1065 C followed by an oil quench, with tempering carried out at least twice at 620-700 C. The tempering temperature has to sit 30-50 C above the highest service temperature the part will see, otherwise the microstructure keeps changing in operation. Tempering anywhere in the 425-550 C band is avoided, since that produces temper embrittlement and a sharp fall in impact energy.
Because heat treatment rather than composition sets the properties, section size matters. Hardenability is good, but very large diameters can come out softer in the core, so mechanical testing is normally done on a specimen representing the actual section.
Turbine blading and highly stressed bolting frequently call for electroslag remelted material with ultrasonic examination to ASTM A388, magnetic particle inspection and grain-size control. The grade is magnetic, conducts heat better than austenitic stainless steels and expands less, and needs preheat plus full post-weld heat treatment if it has to be welded.
Chemical Composition for Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar
Element
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Carbon
C
0.20
0.25
%
Manganese
Mn
0.50
1.00
%
Silicon
Si
-
0.50
%
Phosphorus
P
-
0.025
%
Sulfur
S
-
0.025
%
Chromium
Cr
11.00
12.50
%
Nickel
Ni
0.50
1.00
%
Molybdenum
Mo
0.90
1.25
%
Tungsten
W
0.90
1.25
%
Vanadium
V
0.20
0.30
%
Iron
Fe
Balance
-
%
Chemical Composition
View the chemical composition and applicable material limits for SS 422 Round Bar
Chromium at 11.00-12.50% supplies the passive film behind the moderate corrosion and steam-oxidation resistance, while staying low enough for the steel to transform fully to martensite on quenching. That transformation is where the strength comes from.
Carbon at 0.20-0.25% is the main hardening element. It sets the martensite at a high strength level and, working with the strong carbide formers, produces the fine carbide dispersion behind the creep resistance. The high carbon is also the reason the grade demands preheat and post-weld heat treatment.
Molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium separate Type 422 from plain 12% chromium grades such as 410 and 420. Molybdenum and tungsten strengthen the solid solution and slow the diffusion that softens the steel over long exposure at temperature. Vanadium forms very stable fine carbides that resist coarsening, which is how useful strength survives to around 650 C. Molybdenum also cuts susceptibility to temper embrittlement.
Nickel at 0.50-1.00% improves hardenability and toughness without upsetting the martensitic structure. Manganese helps with deoxidation and hardenability, silicon deoxidises, and phosphorus and sulphur are held to low residual limits to protect toughness and creep ductility.
Mechanical Properties for Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar
Mechanical Property
Value
Unit
Tensile Strength
965
MPa (minimum)
Yield Strength 0.2% Proof
760
MPa (minimum)
Elongation in 50 mm
13
% (minimum)
Reduction of Area
30
% (minimum)
Hardness, tempered at 620 C
302 - 352
HBW (specified range)
Tensile Strength, tempered at 675 C
825
MPa (minimum)
Elongation in 50 mm, tempered at 675 C
17
% (minimum)
Reduction of Area, tempered at 675 C
35
% (minimum)
Hardness, tempered at 675 C
241 - 285
HBW (specified range)
Charpy V-Notch Impact Energy at 20 C
11
J (minimum, where impact testing is specified)
Modulus of Elasticity
215
GPa (typical)
Mechanical Properties
Check the key mechanical properties and performance requirements of SS 422 Round Bar
The table shows the hardened and tempered properties specified in ASTM A565 / A565M for Grade 616 bar, tested to ASTM A370. Tensile, proof strength, elongation and reduction of area are minima. Hardness is quoted as a typical range, which acts as a practical check that tempering was done properly rather than as a mandatory acceptance limit in every case.
Tempering temperature controls almost everything. Tempering near the bottom of the 620-700 C range gives the highest strength and hardness with reduced toughness, while higher tempering brings strength down and impact energy and ductility up. If a particular strength class is needed, state the target tensile range on the order and the supplier picks the tempering temperature to suit.
Impact testing matters more here than in most grades, because temper embrittlement is a genuine risk. Tempering inside 425-550 C, or cooling slowly through that band afterwards, cuts Charpy energy sharply.
At temperature the grade keeps a large share of its room-temperature strength, which is what makes it a turbine blading and hot-bolting material. For sustained service above about 450 C, design has to run on creep-rupture and stress-relaxation data for the specific tempering condition rather than on room-temperature tensile figures.
Dimension / Sizes for Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar
Dimension / Size
Value
Unit
Diameter
16 - 250
mm
Standard Length
3 - 6 (random / mill lengths)
m
Custom Length
Cut to length available on request
-
Diameter Tolerance
Per ASTM A484 / A484M, varies with size and finish class
-
Length Tolerance
Per ASTM A484 / A484M or as agreed at order
-
Straightness Tolerance
Per ASTM A484 / A484M or as agreed at order
-
End Condition
Square cut, chamfered, or as ordered
-
Surface Finish
Hot-rolled, rough-turned, peeled, smooth-turned, centreless ground
-
Available Size Range
16 - 250, larger diameters by forging on enquiry
mm
Cut-to-Length Availability
Available
-
Dimensional Standard
ASTM A484 / A484M
-
Dimensions & Sizes
Explore available diameters, lengths, and dimensional requirements for SS 422 Round Bar
Pricing for Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar
Round Bar Prices are generally quoted per kilograms or meters tonnes and can fluctuate with the global raw material and market prices. The final price will depend on a variety of factors, including the grade size, diameter, length, surface finish, the quantity and whether the bars are cut to length or in standard lengths.
For smaller quantities, we can also quote per metre or per piece basis once the required dimensions have been confirmed. Container-loads or orders that are larger in size are typically priced per tonne, based upon the specifications required and the supply conditions.
Please provide your desired dimensions, grades, length number, and end for a current quote including the lead time applicable and details for certification.
Pricing
Get current Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar pricing based on size, quantity, grade, finish, and delivery requirements.
Why Choose Us
Euro Steel Bars is an international distributor, stockist and exporter of stainless round steel bars that cover carbon, stainless alloy, special grades. We stock a variety of sizes and grades. We guarantee every order with mill test certificates as well as full quality-assurance documentation. Our name speaks to our roots: European-sourced materials that is backed by the certificates and rigor that buyers from Asia as well as the Gulf and Africa are looking for.
Each bar we deliver is accompanied by EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates as well as complete documentation of quality, so what you receive corresponds to what’s written in the documents. We carry a selection of sizes and grades ready for transport, and cut length upon the request of customers, which results in quicker lead times, whether you’re ordering just a one-off spec or a complete project tonnage.
We operate an actual wholesale business that is that is supported with an internationally-operated supply chain therefore we are able to serve fabricators sourcing one grade the same way in the same way as an EPC contractor who is placing a large order. Our clients include manufacturers, fabricators EPC construction companies, engineers oil and gas projects as well as construction companies. we design our inventory as well as documentation to show what buyers need to bring projects forward.
Our customers trust us across Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Italy and South Africa. If you’re looking to source an Gulf energy project, or a construction project within Southeast Asia, you get the same quality of certified material, the exact documentation, and the exact delivery procedure.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar?
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What is the typical chemical composition of Stainless Steel 422?
Can Stainless Steel 422 Round Bar be welded?
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