Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar
➡️ CS 1045 | UNS G10450 | EN 1.0503 (C45) | EN 1.1191 (C45E)
➡️ ASTM, EN, JIS & International Standards
➡️ Supply Conditions
➡️ Multiple Diameters & Supply Lengths
➡️ Global Export & International Delivery
Country of Origin:
Europe, Japan, USA
Material Type:
Carbon Steel
UNS Number:
G10450
Wr. No.:
1.0503 (C45) / 1.1191 (C45E)
MTC Available:
EN 10204 3.1
Product Description for Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar
Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar is a solid cylindrical bar produced from medium-carbon, non-resulphurised steel grade AISI/SAE 1045 (UNS G10450). Hot-wrought bar is supplied to ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A576, while cold-finished bar is supplied to ASTM A108, with chemical composition defined by ASTM A29 / A29M and SAE J403.
The grade contains 0.43-0.50% carbon with 0.60-0.90% manganese. This raises strength and hardness well above the low-carbon grades and, unlike 1018, gives enough carbon for the steel to be through-hardened by quenching and tempering in moderate sections. In the as-rolled condition tensile strength is typically 570-700 MPa; after quench and temper, tensile strengths of 700-1000 MPa are readily obtained depending on section size and tempering temperature. The steel also responds well to induction and flame hardening, which produces a hard wear-resistant surface layer of about 54-60 HRC while leaving a tough core.
Bars are available hot-rolled, normalised, annealed, cold-drawn, or quenched and tempered, in diameters from about 6 mm to 300 mm and lengths of 3 to 6 m. Machinability is good in the normalised or annealed condition and declines as hardness increases. Weldability is only moderate because of the carbon level, and preheat with post-weld heat treatment is normally required.
Typical applications include shafts, axles, spindles, crankshafts, connecting rods, gears, sprockets, pins, bolts, studs, hydraulic rams, machine tool components, rollers and general machined parts. Industries served include automotive, agricultural machinery, construction equipment, machine building, material handling, oil and gas surface equipment and general engineering.
Common Applications of Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar
➡️ Machined shafts, spindles, valve stems, pump sleeves and pins for food, beverage, dairy and pharmaceutical equipment, where the passive chromium oxide film resists both product acids and caustic clean-in-place chemicals.
➡️ Fasteners, studs, bolts, threaded rod and anchor components produced from bar stock, chosen for corrosion resistance combined with the ductility needed for cold heading and thread rolling.
➡️ Chemical, water treatment and general process plant parts such as agitator shafts, flange blanks, nozzles and support components handling water, steam and mildly corrosive media free of significant chlorides.
➡️ Architectural and structural hardware including handrail stanchions, balustrade fittings, tension rods and bollards, where a bright ground or polished bar finish provides both appearance and low maintenance.
International Equivalent Grade for CS 1045 Round Bar
Standard
Country / Region
Grade
ASTM A29 / A29M
USA
Grade 1045 (UNS G10450)
ASTM A108
USA
Grade 1045 - cold-finished bar
ASTM A576
USA
Grade 1045 - hot-wrought special quality bar
SAE J403
USA
1045
EN 10083-2
Europe / EU
C45 (1.0503)
EN 10083-2
Europe / EU
C45E (1.1191)
BS 970 Part 1 (superseded)
United Kingdom
080M46
JIS G4051
Japan
S45C
GB/T 699
China
45
KS D 3752
South Korea
SM45C
ISO 683-1
International
C45E
Technical Specification for Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar
Specification
Value
Unit
Material
Carbon steel
-
Grade
1045 / UNS G10450 / C45
-
Product Form
Round bar / rod
-
Standard
ASTM A29 / A29M, ASTM A108 (cold-finished), ASTM A576
-
Diameter
6 - 300 (available range)
mm
Length
3 - 6 (standard random or fixed)
m
Manufacturing Process
Hot rolled, forged, or hot rolled and cold drawn
-
Production Route
EAF or BOF melting, continuous casting, hot rolling or forging, optional cold drawing
-
Surface Finish
Hot-rolled black, cold-drawn bright, peeled, turned and polished, turned ground and polished
-
Heat Treatment / Delivery Condition
As-rolled, normalised, annealed, cold-drawn, or quenched and tempered as ordered
-
Normalising Temperature
840 - 880 then air cool (typical)
deg C
Hardening Temperature
820 - 860 followed by water or oil quench (typical)
deg C
Tempering Temperature
550 - 660 depending on required strength (typical)
deg C
Induction or Flame Hardened Surface Hardness
54 - 60 (typical)
HRC
Tolerance Standard
ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A108
-
Carbon Equivalent (CEV)
0.60 (typical, IIW formula)
-
Density
7.85 (typical)
g/cm3
Melting Point
1495 - 1520 (approximate)
deg C
Thermal Conductivity
49.8 at 100 deg C (typical)
W/m.K
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
11.5 at 0 - 100 deg C (typical)
micro-m/m.K
Specific Heat
486 at 50 - 100 deg C (typical)
J/kg.K
Electrical Resistivity
0.162 (typical)
micro-ohm.m
Modulus of Elasticity
200 (typical)
GPa
Magnetic Properties
Ferromagnetic
-
Applicable Testing Standard
ASTM A370, ASTM E8 / E8M, ASTM E10, ASTM E415
-
Certification / Inspection Documents
EN 10204 Type 3.1 mill test certificate
-
Technical Specifications
Get the key technical specifications for Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar
Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar is ordered to ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A576 for hot-wrought bar, or to ASTM A108 for cold-finished bar. Chemical composition is defined by ASTM A29 / A29M and SAE J403. As with other AISI carbon grades, these standards specify composition and dimensions but do not impose mechanical property minima unless the purchaser requires them, so quoted tensile figures are typical values for the delivered condition. Where the European standard EN 10083-2 is invoked for C45 or C45E, mechanical minima are mandatory and are stated by ruling section.
Hardening is performed from 820-860 deg C with a water or oil quench, followed by tempering between about 550 and 660 deg C. Hardenability is limited by the absence of alloying elements, so a fully hardened structure is achieved only in relatively small sections. In larger diameters the core remains substantially unhardened, producing a strength gradient from surface to centre.
Induction and flame hardening are widely used alternatives. They produce a surface layer of 54-60 HRC with a tough unhardened core and a favourable compressive residual stress at the surface, which benefits fatigue life on shafts and journals.
Normalising at 840-880 deg C refines the grain after forging and gives a uniform machinable structure. Stress relief before finish machining of cold-drawn bar reduces distortion. Testing typically includes analysis to ASTM E415 and, where specified, tensile testing to ASTM A370.
Chemical Composition for Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar
Element
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Carbon
C
0.43
0.50
%
Manganese
Mn
0.60
0.90
%
Phosphorus
P
-
0.030
%
Sulfur
S
-
0.035
%
Silicon
Si
Not specified by ASTM A29 for this grade
Not specified by ASTM A29 for this grade
%
Iron
Fe
Balance
Balance
%
Chemical Composition
View the chemical composition and applicable material limits for CS 1045 Round Bar
Carbon at 0.43-0.50% is the defining element and the reason the grade behaves so differently from mild steel. At this level there is sufficient carbon to form a substantial volume of hard martensite when the steel is quenched from the austenitising range, so the bar can be through-hardened in moderate sections and surface-hardened by induction or flame in almost any section. The same carbon content raises as-rolled strength and reduces ductility, machinability and weldability relative to grades such as 1018.
Manganese at 0.60-0.90% strengthens the ferrite by solid solution, provides a modest increase in hardenability by slowing the transformation to pearlite, and combines with sulphur to form manganese sulphide rather than iron sulphide, which would cause hot shortness during rolling and forging.
Phosphorus is limited to 0.030% and sulphur to 0.035%. Both are residuals. Phosphorus embrittles grain boundaries and increases the risk of temper embrittlement, while sulphur reduces transverse ductility and impact toughness.
Silicon is not given a specified range for this grade in ASTM A29 for non-resulphurised steels, as it depends on the deoxidation practice, but killed steel normally contains 0.15-0.35%. The resulting carbon equivalent of approximately 0.60 is high enough that preheat and controlled cooling are required for welding, and it is this figure rather than carbon alone that governs welding procedure.
Mechanical Properties for Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar
Mechanical Property
Value
Unit
Tensile Strength (hot-rolled or as-rolled)
570 - 700 (typical)
MPa
Yield Strength (hot-rolled or as-rolled)
310 (typical minimum)
MPa
Elongation in 50 mm (hot-rolled)
16 (typical)
%
Reduction of Area (hot-rolled)
40 (typical)
%
Hardness (hot-rolled)
163 - 187 (typical)
HBW
Tensile Strength (cold-drawn)
625 (typical)
MPa
Yield Strength (cold-drawn)
530 (typical)
MPa
Elongation in 50 mm (cold-drawn)
12 (typical)
%
Tensile Strength (quenched and tempered, up to 16 mm per EN 10083-2 C45)
700 - 850 (specified range)
MPa
Yield Strength (quenched and tempered, up to 16 mm per EN 10083-2 C45)
490 (minimum)
MPa
Elongation in 50 mm (quenched and tempered)
14 (minimum)
%
Impact / Charpy V-Notch
Not mandatory under ASTM A29 unless specified
J
Modulus of Elasticity
200 (typical)
GPa
Mechanical Properties
Check the key mechanical properties and performance requirements of CS 1045 Round Bar
Mechanical properties of Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar depend strongly on the delivery condition and on section size, and the two governing systems treat them differently. Under ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A108 no mechanical minima apply by default, so the tensile values shown for as-rolled and cold-drawn material are typical figures. Under EN 10083-2, which covers the equivalent C45 and C45E grades, minima in the quenched and tempered condition are mandatory and are tabulated by ruling section, with 490 MPa minimum yield and 700-850 MPa tensile for sections up to 16 mm, falling as section size increases.
Cold drawing raises yield strength to around 530 MPa through work hardening while reducing elongation. Quenching and tempering gives the best combination of strength and toughness, with the tempering temperature selected to reach the target strength.
The most important practical limitation is hardenability. With no alloying additions, the critical cooling rate is high, so a water or brine quench is often needed and full through-hardening is confined to sections of roughly 25-40 mm. In larger diameters the centre transforms to ferrite and pearlite rather than martensite, giving lower core strength and toughness.
Testing, when specified, is carried out to ASTM A370 and ASTM E8 / E8M, with hardness to ASTM E10.
Dimension / Sizes for Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar
Dimension / Size
Value
Unit
Diameter (available range)
6 - 300
mm
Standard Length
3 - 6
m
Custom Length
Cut to length on request
-
Diameter Tolerance (hot-rolled)
Per ASTM A29 / A29M
-
Diameter Tolerance (cold-drawn)
Per ASTM A108, h9 / h10 / h11 or as agreed
-
Length Tolerance
Per ASTM A29 / A29M or as agreed
-
Straightness Tolerance
Per ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A108 or as agreed
-
End Condition
Square cut, saw cut, chamfered or as ordered
-
Surface Finish
Hot-rolled black, cold-drawn bright, peeled, turned and polished, turned ground and polished
-
Cut-to-Length Availability
Available
-
Dimensional Standard
ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A108
-
Dimensions & Sizes
Explore available diameters, lengths, and dimensional requirements for CS 1045 Round Bar
Pricing for Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar
Round Bar Prices are generally quoted per kilograms or meters tonnes and can fluctuate with the global raw material and market prices. The final price will depend on a variety of factors, including the grade size, diameter, length, surface finish, the quantity and whether the bars are cut to length or in standard lengths.
For smaller quantities, we can also quote per metre or per piece basis once the required dimensions have been confirmed. Container-loads or orders that are larger in size are typically priced per tonne, based upon the specifications required and the supply conditions.
Please provide your desired dimensions, grades, length number, and end for a current quote including the lead time applicable and details for certification.
Pricing
Get current Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar pricing based on size, quantity, grade, finish, and delivery requirements.
Why Choose Us
Euro Steel Bars is an international distributor, stockist and exporter of stainless round steel bars that cover carbon, stainless alloy, special grades. We stock a variety of sizes and grades. We guarantee every order with mill test certificates as well as full quality-assurance documentation. Our name speaks to our roots: European-sourced materials that is backed by the certificates and rigor that buyers from Asia as well as the Gulf and Africa are looking for.
Each bar we deliver is accompanied by EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates as well as complete documentation of quality, so what you receive corresponds to what’s written in the documents. We carry a selection of sizes and grades ready for transport, and cut length upon the request of customers, which results in quicker lead times, whether you’re ordering just a one-off spec or a complete project tonnage.
We operate an actual wholesale business that is that is supported with an internationally-operated supply chain therefore we are able to serve fabricators sourcing one grade the same way in the same way as an EPC contractor who is placing a large order. Our clients include manufacturers, fabricators EPC construction companies, engineers oil and gas projects as well as construction companies. we design our inventory as well as documentation to show what buyers need to bring projects forward.
Our customers trust us across Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Italy and South Africa. If you’re looking to source an Gulf energy project, or a construction project within Southeast Asia, you get the same quality of certified material, the exact documentation, and the exact delivery procedure.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Carbon Steel 1045 Round Bar?
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What is the difference between 1045 and 4140?
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