Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar
➡️ CS 1018 | UNS G10180 | EN 1.1141 (C15E)
➡️ ASTM, EN, JIS & International Standards
➡️ Supply Conditions
➡️ Multiple Diameters & Supply Lengths
➡️ Global Export & International Delivery
Country of Origin:
Europe, Japan, USA
Material Type:
Carbon Steel
UNS Number:
G10180
Wr. No.:
1.1141
MTC Available:
EN 10204 3.1
Product Description for Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar
Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar is a solid cylindrical bar produced from low-carbon, non-resulphurised mild steel grade AISI/SAE 1018 (UNS G10180). Hot-wrought bar is supplied to ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A576, while cold-finished bar, which accounts for most usage, is supplied to ASTM A108 with dimensional requirements from ASTM A29 / A29M.
The grade contains 0.15-0.20% carbon with 0.60-0.90% manganese. This combination gives a good balance of strength, ductility, weldability and machinability at low cost, and 1018 is one of the most widely stocked engineering steels in the world. Cold drawing raises tensile and yield strength considerably through work hardening and produces a bright, dimensionally accurate bar with a smooth surface, well suited to direct use as shafting or to light machining.
Because the carbon content is low, 1018 cannot be through-hardened effectively by quenching. It responds well to carburising, however, and case-hardened parts develop a hard, wear-resistant surface of about 60 HRC over a tough, ductile core. All the common welding processes work on it without preheat in normal thicknesses.
Bars are available hot-rolled or cold-drawn, in diameters from about 3 mm to 250 mm and lengths of 3 to 6 m, with turned and ground and turned, ground and polished shafting produced to tighter tolerances. Typical uses include shafts, pins, spindles, rollers, studs, bolts, machine keys, brackets, fixtures, jigs, gears and pinions after carburising, hydraulic components and general fabricated structures. Industries served include general engineering, automotive, agriculture, construction equipment, material handling, machine building and fabrication.
Common Applications of Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar
➡️ Machined shafts, spindles, valve stems, pump sleeves and pins for food, beverage, dairy and pharmaceutical equipment, where the passive chromium oxide film resists both product acids and caustic clean-in-place chemicals.
➡️ Fasteners, studs, bolts, threaded rod and anchor components produced from bar stock, chosen for corrosion resistance combined with the ductility needed for cold heading and thread rolling.
➡️ Chemical, water treatment and general process plant parts such as agitator shafts, flange blanks, nozzles and support components handling water, steam and mildly corrosive media free of significant chlorides.
➡️ Architectural and structural hardware including handrail stanchions, balustrade fittings, tension rods and bollards, where a bright ground or polished bar finish provides both appearance and low maintenance.
International Equivalent Grade for CS 1018 Round Bar
Standard
Country / Region
Grade
ASTM A29 / A29M
USA
Grade 1018 (UNS G10180)
ASTM A108
USA
Grade 1018 - cold-finished bar
ASTM A576
USA
Grade 1018 - hot-wrought special quality bar
SAE J403
USA
1018
EN 10277-2
Europe / EU
C15E (1.1141) - nearest equivalent
EN 10084
Europe / EU
C15E (1.1141) - case hardening steel
BS 970 Part 1 (superseded)
United Kingdom
070M20
JIS G4051
Japan
S20C - nearest equivalent
GB/T 699
China
20 - nearest equivalent
KS D 3752
South Korea
SM20C - nearest equivalent
ISO 683-18
International
C15E - nearest equivalent
Technical Specification for Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar
Specification
Value
Unit
Material
Carbon steel
-
Grade
1018 / UNS G10180
-
Product Form
Round bar / rod
-
Standard
ASTM A29 / A29M, ASTM A108 (cold-finished), ASTM A576
-
Diameter
3 - 250 (available range)
mm
Length
3 - 6 (standard random or fixed)
m
Manufacturing Process
Hot rolled, or hot rolled and cold drawn
-
Production Route
EAF or BOF melting, continuous casting, hot rolling, optional cold drawing or turning and grinding
-
Surface Finish
Hot-rolled black, cold-drawn bright, turned and polished, turned ground and polished
-
Heat Treatment / Delivery Condition
As-rolled or cold-drawn, annealed or normalised on request
-
Normalising Temperature
900 - 930 then air cool (typical)
deg C
Carburising Temperature
900 - 925 followed by quench and low temperature temper (typical)
deg C
Typical Case Hardness After Carburising
58 - 62
HRC
Tolerance Standard
ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A108
-
Carbon Equivalent (CEV)
0.32 (typical, IIW formula)
-
Density
7.87 (typical)
g/cm3
Melting Point
1515 (approximate)
deg C
Thermal Conductivity
51.9 at 100 deg C (typical)
W/m.K
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
11.5 at 0 - 100 deg C (typical)
micro-m/m.K
Specific Heat
486 at 50 - 100 deg C (typical)
J/kg.K
Electrical Resistivity
0.159 (typical)
micro-ohm.m
Modulus of Elasticity
200 (typical)
GPa
Magnetic Properties
Ferromagnetic
-
Applicable Testing Standard
ASTM A370, ASTM E8 / E8M, ASTM E10, ASTM E415
-
Certification / Inspection Documents
EN 10204 Type 3.1 mill test certificate
-
Technical Specifications
Get the key technical specifications for Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar
Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar is ordered against different standards depending on how it is finished. Hot-wrought bar falls under ASTM A29 / A29M for general requirements and ASTM A576 for special quality hot-wrought bar. Cold-finished bar, which is the dominant form for machined parts and shafting, is supplied to ASTM A108, with chemical composition still governed by ASTM A29 / A29M and SAE J403.
An important point for buyers is that neither ASTM A29 nor ASTM A108 mandates mechanical properties for grade 1018 unless the purchaser specifies them. Tensile and yield figures quoted for the material are therefore typical values based on the delivered condition, and should be requested as a tested requirement on the order if they are design-critical.
Cold drawing typically raises yield strength by 40-60% relative to hot-rolled material while reducing elongation. Hot-rolled bar carries mill scale and wider tolerances, cold-drawn bar is bright with tight diameter tolerance, and turned, ground and polished shafting achieves the closest tolerance and best surface roughness.
Stress relief at about 550-650 deg C is recommended before heavy machining of cold-drawn bar, since residual drawing stresses can cause distortion. Normalising at 900-930 deg C refines the grain after forging.
Testing normally includes chemical analysis to ASTM E415, and where required tensile testing to ASTM A370 and hardness testing to ASTM E10.
Chemical Composition for Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar
Element
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Carbon
C
0.15
0.20
%
Manganese
Mn
0.60
0.90
%
Phosphorus
P
-
0.030
%
Sulfur
S
-
0.035
%
Silicon
Si
Not specified by ASTM A29 for this grade
Not specified by ASTM A29 for this grade
%
Iron
Fe
Balance
Balance
%
Chemical Composition
View the chemical composition and applicable material limits for CS 1018 Round Bar
Carbon at 0.15-0.20% sets the character of the grade. There is enough of it for useful strength and a good response to carburising, but too little to form much martensite on quenching, so 1018 is not through-hardenable in any practical sense. The low carbon is also what makes the grade so easy to weld, since there is little risk of a hard, crack-prone microstructure in the heat-affected zone.
Manganese at 0.60-0.90% strengthens the ferrite through solid solution, improves hardenability modestly, and combines with sulphur to form manganese sulphide rather than iron sulphide, which would otherwise cause hot shortness during rolling. Manganese also acts as a deoxidiser during steelmaking.
Phosphorus is limited to 0.030% and sulphur to 0.035%. Both are residual elements. Phosphorus increases strength but sharply reduces toughness and ductility, particularly at low temperature, while sulphur reduces transverse ductility and weldability. Holding both low is essential to the general-purpose behaviour expected from the grade.
Silicon is not specified as a range for 1018 in ASTM A29 for non-resulphurised grades, since the level depends on the deoxidation practice used. It is typically present at 0.15-0.30% in killed steel. The resulting carbon equivalent of around 0.32 confirms that no preheat is normally required for welding.
Mechanical Properties for Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar
Mechanical Property
Value
Unit
Tensile Strength (hot-rolled)
400 (typical)
MPa
Yield Strength (hot-rolled)
220 (typical)
MPa
Elongation in 50 mm (hot-rolled)
25 (typical)
%
Reduction of Area (hot-rolled)
50 (typical)
%
Hardness (hot-rolled)
116 (typical)
HBW
Tensile Strength (cold-drawn)
440 (typical)
MPa
Yield Strength (cold-drawn)
370 (typical)
MPa
Elongation in 50 mm (cold-drawn)
15 (typical)
%
Reduction of Area (cold-drawn)
40 (typical)
%
Hardness (cold-drawn)
126 (typical)
HBW
Impact / Charpy V-Notch
Not mandatory unless specified by the purchaser
J
Modulus of Elasticity
200 (typical)
GPa
Mechanical Properties
Check the key mechanical properties and performance requirements of CS 1018 Round Bar
The values shown for Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar are typical rather than mandatory. Neither ASTM A29 / A29M nor ASTM A108 specifies mechanical property minima for this grade as a default requirement, so a purchaser who needs guaranteed tensile or yield values must state them on the order, in which case testing is carried out to ASTM A370 and ASTM E8 / E8M.
The delivered condition has a strong influence. Hot-rolled bar in the as-rolled state shows moderate strength with high ductility. Cold drawing introduces work hardening that typically raises yield strength from around 220 MPa to about 370 MPa and tensile strength from around 400 MPa to about 440 MPa, while elongation falls from roughly 25% to 15%. Larger cold-drawn diameters see less strengthening than small ones because the reduction ratio is lower, so properties vary with size.
The grade is not through-hardenable. Quenching from the austenitising range produces only a modest hardness increase because there is insufficient carbon to form hard martensite. Where surface hardness is required, carburising at 900-925 deg C followed by quenching and low-temperature tempering produces a case of 58-62 HRC over a tough, ductile core, which is the standard route for gears, pins and wear surfaces made from this grade.
Dimension / Sizes for Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar
Dimension / Size
Value
Unit
Diameter (available range)
3 - 250
mm
Standard Length
3 - 6
m
Custom Length
Cut to length on request
-
Diameter Tolerance (hot-rolled)
Per ASTM A29 / A29M
-
Diameter Tolerance (cold-drawn)
Per ASTM A108, h9 / h10 / h11 or as agreed
-
Length Tolerance
Per ASTM A29 / A29M or as agreed
-
Straightness Tolerance
Per ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A108 or as agreed
-
End Condition
Square cut, saw cut, chamfered or as ordered
-
Surface Finish
Hot-rolled black, cold-drawn bright, turned and polished, turned ground and polished
-
Cut-to-Length Availability
Available
-
Dimensional Standard
ASTM A29 / A29M and ASTM A108
-
Dimensions & Sizes
Explore available diameters, lengths, and dimensional requirements for CS 1018 Round Bar
Pricing for Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar
Round Bar Prices are generally quoted per kilograms or meters tonnes and can fluctuate with the global raw material and market prices. The final price will depend on a variety of factors, including the grade size, diameter, length, surface finish, the quantity and whether the bars are cut to length or in standard lengths.
For smaller quantities, we can also quote per metre or per piece basis once the required dimensions have been confirmed. Container-loads or orders that are larger in size are typically priced per tonne, based upon the specifications required and the supply conditions.
Please provide your desired dimensions, grades, length number, and end for a current quote including the lead time applicable and details for certification.
Pricing
Get current Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar pricing based on size, quantity, grade, finish, and delivery requirements.
Why Choose Us
Euro Steel Bars is an international distributor, stockist and exporter of stainless round steel bars that cover carbon, stainless alloy, special grades. We stock a variety of sizes and grades. We guarantee every order with mill test certificates as well as full quality-assurance documentation. Our name speaks to our roots: European-sourced materials that is backed by the certificates and rigor that buyers from Asia as well as the Gulf and Africa are looking for.
Each bar we deliver is accompanied by EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates as well as complete documentation of quality, so what you receive corresponds to what’s written in the documents. We carry a selection of sizes and grades ready for transport, and cut length upon the request of customers, which results in quicker lead times, whether you’re ordering just a one-off spec or a complete project tonnage.
We operate an actual wholesale business that is that is supported with an internationally-operated supply chain therefore we are able to serve fabricators sourcing one grade the same way in the same way as an EPC contractor who is placing a large order. Our clients include manufacturers, fabricators EPC construction companies, engineers oil and gas projects as well as construction companies. we design our inventory as well as documentation to show what buyers need to bring projects forward.
Our customers trust us across Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Italy and South Africa. If you’re looking to source an Gulf energy project, or a construction project within Southeast Asia, you get the same quality of certified material, the exact documentation, and the exact delivery procedure.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar?
What standard does Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar comply with?
What are the equivalent grades of Carbon Steel 1018 Round Bar?
Can Carbon Steel 1018 be hardened?
Is Carbon Steel 1018 weldable?
What is the difference between hot-rolled and cold-drawn 1018 bar?
What sizes and lengths are available?
Should 1018 bar be stress relieved before machining?
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