Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar
➡️ UNS G86200 | EN 1.6523 | 20NiCrMo2-2 | AISI 8620 | ASTM A29
➡️ ASTM, EN, JIS & International Standards
➡️ Supply Conditions
➡️ Multiple Diameters & Supply Lengths
➡️ Global Export & International Delivery
Country of Origin:
Europe, Japan, USA
Material Type:
Alloy Steel
UNS Number:
G86200
Wr. No.:
1.6523
MTC Available:
EN 10204 3.1
Product Description for Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar
Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar is a low-carbon nickel-chromium-molybdenum case-hardening steel. It is designated AISI/SAE 8620 and UNS G86200, and it is supplied in the USA to ASTM A29 / A29M for hot-wrought bars and ASTM A322 for alloy steel bars. Its closest European match is 20NiCrMo2-2 (1.6523) to EN 10084, and in the UK it corresponds to BS 970 805M20 (old EN362).
The steel contains about 0.18–0.23% carbon with small amounts of nickel, chromium and molybdenum. The low carbon content gives a tough, ductile core. When the bar surface is carburised and hardened, it forms a hard, wear-resistant case while the core stays strong and tough.
The alloy additions improve hardenability compared with plain carbon case-hardening steels. This gives more uniform core properties in larger sections and better response to oil quenching. The grade machines well in the annealed or normalised state and can be welded with suitable preheat.
Bars are supplied hot rolled, forged, annealed, normalised or cold finished. Common finishes include black, peeled, turned and cold drawn. Carburising, carbonitriding and through-hardening are all used, depending on the part.
Common applications include gears, pinions, camshafts, king pins, ring gears, splined shafts, chain parts, bearings, fasteners and general machine parts that need a hard surface with a tough core. It is one of the most widely used carburising steels worldwide because of its balanced properties, good availability and predictable heat treatment response. 8620 is one of the most widely stocked case-hardening steels in North America. In the oil and gas sector, 8620 is also used for carburised valve parts and drilling tool components.
Common Applications of Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar
➡️ Machined shafts, spindles, valve stems, pump sleeves and pins for food, beverage, dairy and pharmaceutical equipment, where the passive chromium oxide film resists both product acids and caustic clean-in-place chemicals.
➡️ Fasteners, studs, bolts, threaded rod and anchor components produced from bar stock, chosen for corrosion resistance combined with the ductility needed for cold heading and thread rolling.
➡️ Chemical, water treatment and general process plant parts such as agitator shafts, flange blanks, nozzles and support components handling water, steam and mildly corrosive media free of significant chlorides.
➡️ Architectural and structural hardware including handrail stanchions, balustrade fittings, tension rods and bollards, where a bright ground or polished bar finish provides both appearance and low maintenance.
International Equivalent Grade for AISI 8620 Round Bar
Standard
Country / Region
Grade
UNS
USA
UNS G86200 / H86200
ASTM A29 / SAE J404
USA
8620
EN 10084
Europe
EN 1.6523 (20NiCrMo2-2)
BS 970
United Kingdom
805M20 / EN362
JIS G4053 / G4103
Japan
SNCM220
GB/T 3077
China
20CrNiMo
KS D 3867
South Korea
SNCM220
AFNOR
France
20 NCD 2 / 22 NCD 2
UNI
Italy
20 NiCrMo 2
ISO 683-3
International
20NiCrMo2-2
Technical Specification for Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar
Specification
Value
Unit
Material
Alloy steel
-
Grade
8620 / UNS G86200 / 1.6523 (nearest)
-
Standard
ASTM A29 / A322, EN 10084 (for 1.6523)
-
Product Form
Round bar (hot rolled, forged or bright)
-
Diameter (supply range)
10–500
mm
Length (random)
3–6
m
Manufacturing Process
Hot rolled or forged, optional peeling, turning, cold drawing or grinding
-
Production Route
EAF or BOF + ladle refining + vacuum degassing
-
Surface Finish
Black, shot blasted, peeled, turned, cold drawn or ground
-
Heat Treatment / Delivery Condition
Hot rolled, annealed, normalised or cold finished
-
Tolerance Standard
EN 10060 (hot rolled), EN 10278 (bright, h9-h11), ASTM A29 / A484 style tables for US orders
-
Carbon Equivalent CEV (IIW, calculated from mid-range analysis)
≈ 0.51
-
Density
7.85
g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity at 20°C
42
W/m·K
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 20–100°C
11.5
µm/m·K
Specific Heat at 20°C
460
J/kg·K
Modulus of Elasticity at 20°C
210
GPa
Magnetic Properties
Ferromagnetic
-
Testing / Inspection
Chemical analysis, hardness, tensile and impact where specified, UT (EN 10308 / SEP 1921 / ASTM A388), grain size, Jominy on request
-
Certification
EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate (3.2 on request)
-
Technical Specifications
Get the key technical specifications for Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar
Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar is ordered to ASTM A29 / A29M, which sets chemistry and general requirements for hot-wrought carbon and alloy steel bars, and ASTM A322 for alloy bars. European orders use EN 10084 grade 1.6523 (20NiCrMo2-2), which is the nearest equivalent.
ASTM A29 does not set tensile requirements for this grade. Properties depend on the heat treatment chosen by the user. Common supply conditions are as-rolled, annealed for machinability, normalised or cold drawn. Normalising is usually at about 900–925°C, and carburising is carried out at about 900–930°C followed by quenching and low-temperature tempering.
The carbon equivalent shown is calculated from mid-range chemistry. It is only a guide for weld planning, and actual CEV should be calculated from the heat analysis.
The physical values for 8620 are reference data for low-alloy steels of this type. Standard tests include chemical analysis and hardness. Grain size, Jominy hardenability, UT and inclusion rating can be ordered. For carburised parts, hardenability bands to the H-steel version (8620H) are often specified.
For gear production, many buyers order 8620H, which adds Jominy hardenability limits to control distortion and core hardness. Bars for forging are usually supplied hot rolled, while bars for machining are often annealed or cold drawn. State grain size requirements, such as fine grain to ASTM E112, for carburised parts.
Chemical Composition for Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar
Element
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Carbon
C
0.18
0.23
%
Manganese
Mn
0.70
0.90
%
Silicon
Si
0.15
0.35
%
Phosphorus
P
-
0.035
%
Sulfur
S
-
0.040
%
Nickel
Ni
0.40
0.70
%
Chromium
Cr
0.40
0.60
%
Molybdenum
Mo
0.15
0.25
%
Chemical Composition
View the chemical composition and applicable material limits for AISI 8620 Round Bar
The table shows the ASTM A29 heat analysis limits for grade 8620. European 20NiCrMo2-2 has very similar limits in EN 10084, with slightly different manganese, phosphorus and sulfur ranges.
Carbon at 0.18–0.23% is kept low so that the core stays tough after hardening. During carburising, carbon is diffused into the surface to raise surface carbon to about 0.7–1.0%, which gives a hard case after quenching.
Nickel improves core toughness and helps hardenability. Chromium raises hardenability and case hardness and improves wear resistance. Molybdenum increases hardenability, reduces temper embrittlement and improves core strength in larger sections.
In 8620, manganese at 0.70-0.90% supports hardenability and deoxidises the steel. Silicon is a deoxidiser. Phosphorus and sulfur are impurity elements kept below the limits to protect toughness. The balanced lean alloy content makes 8620 cost-effective while giving good carburising response. Nickel at 0.40–0.70% improves core toughness, while chromium at 0.40–0.60% and molybdenum at 0.15–0.25% increase hardenability and help the case respond evenly to carburising. Carbon at 0.18–0.23% keeps the core tough. Manganese at 0.70–0.90% supports hardenability. Check sulfur limits if the bar will be heavily machined.
Silicon at 0.15–0.35% deoxidises the steel and adds a little strength to the core.
Mechanical Properties for Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar
Mechanical Property
Value
Unit
Tensile Strength (annealed at about 870°C)
536
MPa
Yield Strength (annealed)
385
MPa
Elongation (annealed)
31
%
Hardness (annealed)
149
HB
Tensile Strength (normalised at about 910°C)
632
MPa
Hardness (normalised)
183
HB
Case Hardness after carburising, quenching and tempering
58–62
HRC
Mechanical Properties
Check the key mechanical properties and performance requirements of AISI 8620 Round Bar
ASTM A29 does not specify mandatory tensile properties for 8620. The values shown are published results for small test pieces in the annealed and normalised conditions. They are given for guidance only and are not specification minimums.
After carburising, quenching and low-temperature tempering, the case usually reaches 58–62 HRC. Core hardness and strength depend strongly on section size and quench severity. In small sections the core can reach well above 900 MPa tensile strength, while large sections give lower core values.
For design, buyers should specify the required case depth, surface hardness and core properties, and test them on representative samples. Hardenability can be controlled by ordering 8620H with Jominy limits. ASTM A29 does not set tensile values for 8620, so the buyer should define the required properties. For carburised gears, the usual checks are surface hardness, effective case depth to 50 HRC and core hardness at a stated position. Annealed bar is soft for machining, while normalised bar gives a more uniform structure before carburising. Large sections have lower core strength because the alloy content is modest.
The annealed hardness is usually low enough for fast machining.
Dimension / Sizes for Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar
Dimension / Size
Value
Unit
Available Diameter Range (supply capability)
10–500 (forged sizes on request)
mm
Standard Length (random)
3–6
m
Custom / Cut-to-Length
Available on request
-
Diameter Tolerance
Hot rolled: EN 10060 or ASTM A29. Bright: EN 10278 (h9-h11) or as agreed
-
Length Tolerance
Per ordered standard or as agreed (commonly +50 / -0 mm for cut lengths)
-
Straightness Tolerance
Per ASTM A29 / EN 10060 or as agreed
-
End Condition
Saw cut square, chamfered or as ordered
-
Surface Finish
Black (as rolled or forged), shot blasted, peeled, rough turned, cold drawn, centreless ground
-
Dimensions & Sizes
Explore available diameters, lengths, and dimensional requirements for AISI 8620 Round Bar
Pricing for Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar
Round Bar Prices are generally quoted per kilograms or meters tonnes and can fluctuate with the global raw material and market prices. The final price will depend on a variety of factors, including the grade size, diameter, length, surface finish, the quantity and whether the bars are cut to length or in standard lengths.
For smaller quantities, we can also quote per metre or per piece basis once the required dimensions have been confirmed. Container-loads or orders that are larger in size are typically priced per tonne, based upon the specifications required and the supply conditions.
Please provide your desired dimensions, grades, length number, and end for a current quote including the lead time applicable and details for certification.
Pricing
Get current Alloy Steel 8620 Round Bar pricing based on size, quantity, grade, finish, and delivery requirements.
Why Choose Us
Euro Steel Bars is an international distributor, stockist and exporter of stainless round steel bars that cover carbon, stainless alloy, special grades. We stock a variety of sizes and grades. We guarantee every order with mill test certificates as well as full quality-assurance documentation. Our name speaks to our roots: European-sourced materials that is backed by the certificates and rigor that buyers from Asia as well as the Gulf and Africa are looking for.
Each bar we deliver is accompanied by EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates as well as complete documentation of quality, so what you receive corresponds to what’s written in the documents. We carry a selection of sizes and grades ready for transport, and cut length upon the request of customers, which results in quicker lead times, whether you’re ordering just a one-off spec or a complete project tonnage.
We operate an actual wholesale business that is that is supported with an internationally-operated supply chain therefore we are able to serve fabricators sourcing one grade the same way in the same way as an EPC contractor who is placing a large order. Our clients include manufacturers, fabricators EPC construction companies, engineers oil and gas projects as well as construction companies. we design our inventory as well as documentation to show what buyers need to bring projects forward.
Our customers trust us across Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Italy and South Africa. If you’re looking to source an Gulf energy project, or a construction project within Southeast Asia, you get the same quality of certified material, the exact documentation, and the exact delivery procedure.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I use 8620 or 4140 for my part?
What case depth can be achieved with 8620 round bar?
What is the difference between 8620 and 8620H?
Can 8620 be used without carburising?
How is 8620 round bar carburised, welded and machined?
What are the limits of 8620 steel?
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