Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar
➡️ SS 444 | UNS S44400 | EN 1.4521 | X2CrMoTi18-2 | AISI 444 | ASTM A276
➡️ ASTM, EN, JIS & International Standards
➡️ Supply Conditions
➡️ Multiple Diameters & Supply Lengths
➡️ Global Export & International Delivery
Country of Origin:
Europe, Japan, USA
Material Type:
Stainless Steel
UNS Number:
S44400
Wr. No.:
1.4521
MTC Available:
EN 10204 3.1
Product Description for Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar
Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar is made from a molybdenum-bearing ferritic stainless steel, UNS S44400, known in Europe as 1.4521 (X2CrMoTi18-2). It contains about 17.5–19.5% chromium and 1.75–2.50% molybdenum, with very low carbon and nitrogen and a titanium or niobium addition for stabilisation.
The combination of chromium and molybdenum gives pitting and crevice corrosion resistance close to that of Type 316L in many water and mild chloride environments. As a ferritic grade it has very good resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking, which is a common failure mode for austenitic grades such as 304 and 316 in hot chloride water.
Stabilisation with titanium and niobium prevents chromium carbide formation during welding. This keeps corrosion resistance in the heat-affected zone. The grade has low thermal expansion and good thermal conductivity compared with austenitic stainless steel.
Bars are produced to ASTM A276 and ASTM A479 in the USA and to EN 10088-3 in Europe. They are supplied annealed and may be hot rolled, peeled, cold drawn or ground. Grade 444 is ferritic, so it is magnetic and does not respond to quench hardening.
Common uses include hot water tanks and heaters, heat exchanger parts, solar water systems, food and brewery equipment, architectural fittings and fasteners in coastal air. It offers a lower-nickel, cost-stable alternative to 316L where chloride stress corrosion cracking is a concern. It is less suited to heavy sections, cryogenic service or long exposure between about 400 and 550°C, where ferritic steels can lose toughness. For water heaters and hot water tanks, 444 is often chosen instead of 316L to avoid stress corrosion cracking.
Common Applications of Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar
➡️ Machined shafts, spindles, valve stems, pump sleeves and pins for food, beverage, dairy and pharmaceutical equipment, where the passive chromium oxide film resists both product acids and caustic clean-in-place chemicals.
➡️ Fasteners, studs, bolts, threaded rod and anchor components produced from bar stock, chosen for corrosion resistance combined with the ductility needed for cold heading and thread rolling.
➡️ Chemical, water treatment and general process plant parts such as agitator shafts, flange blanks, nozzles and support components handling water, steam and mildly corrosive media free of significant chlorides.
➡️ Architectural and structural hardware including handrail stanchions, balustrade fittings, tension rods and bollards, where a bright ground or polished bar finish provides both appearance and low maintenance.
International Equivalent Grade for SS 444 Round Bar
Standard
Country / Region
Grade
UNS
USA
UNS S44400
ASTM / AISI / SAE
USA
444 / SAE 51444 (ASTM A240 / A479 / A268)
EN 10088-3
Europe
EN 1.4521 (X2CrMoTi18-2)
JIS G4303
Japan
SUS 444
GB/T 1220
China
019Cr19Mo2NbTi / 00Cr18Mo2
KS D 3706
South Korea
STS 444
ISO 15510
International
00Cr18Mo2
Technical Specification for Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar
Specification
Value
Unit
Material
Stainless steel
-
Grade
444 / UNS S44400 / 1.4521
-
Standard
ASTM A276 / A276M, ASTM A479 / A479M, EN 10088-3
-
Product Form
Round bar
-
Diameter (supply range)
6–200
mm
Length (random)
3–6
m
Manufacturing Process
Hot rolled, cold drawn, peeled or ground
-
Surface Finish
Annealed and pickled, bright, peeled, turned or ground
-
Heat Treatment / Delivery Condition
Annealed
-
Tolerance Standard
ASTM A484 / EN 10060 / EN 10278
-
Density
7.7
g/cm³
Thermal Conductivity at 20°C
23
W/m·K
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 20–100°C
10.4
µm/m·K
Specific Heat at 20°C
430
J/kg·K
Electrical Resistivity at 20°C
0.80
µΩ·m
Modulus of Elasticity at 20°C
220
GPa
Magnetic Properties
Ferromagnetic
-
Testing / Inspection
Chemical analysis, tensile, hardness, dimensional, optional UT and PMI
-
Certification
EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate
-
Technical Specifications
Get the key technical specifications for Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar
Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar is covered by ASTM A276 for general bars and ASTM A479 for bars used in boilers and pressure vessels. In Europe the grade is 1.4521 to EN 10088-3. General dimensional and surface requirements for ASTM orders come from ASTM A484.
Bars are hot rolled, annealed and descaled. They may then be peeled, cold drawn or centreless ground for closer tolerances. Annealing is usually done at about 820–1000°C followed by rapid air or water cooling. No heat treatment will harden 444, so parts are designed around its annealed strength.
Physical properties in the table are reference values for design guidance. The low expansion and good conductivity reduce thermal stress in heat exchangers and water heaters. The alloy is magnetic.
Standard testing covers heat analysis, tensile and hardness tests, and dimensional checks. Ultrasonic testing and PMI can be added on request. Because ferritic grades can lose toughness in thick sections, larger diameters should be reviewed for impact needs before ordering.
Bar in 444 is less common than sheet and tube, so check stock sizes before designing around a specific diameter. For diameters above about 50 mm, discuss impact needs with the supplier, because thick ferritic sections have lower toughness and may not suit shock-loaded parts. Ultrasonic testing is advised for large, critical bars.
Chemical Composition for Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar
Element
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Carbon
C
-
0.025
%
Manganese
Mn
-
1.00
%
Silicon
Si
-
1.00
%
Phosphorus
P
-
0.040
%
Sulfur
S
-
0.030
%
Chromium
Cr
17.5
19.5
%
Nickel
Ni
-
1.00
%
Molybdenum
Mo
1.75
2.50
%
Nitrogen
N
-
0.035
%
Titanium + Niobium
Ti + Nb
0.20 + 4 × (C + N)
0.80
%
Chemical Composition
View the chemical composition and applicable material limits for SS 444 Round Bar
The table gives the ASTM A276 / A479 limits for UNS S44400. The EN grade 1.4521 has very similar limits in EN 10088-3.
Chromium at 17.5–19.5% forms the passive layer that gives general corrosion resistance. Molybdenum at 1.75–2.50% is the key addition. It strengthens the passive layer against chloride attack and raises pitting and crevice corrosion resistance to a level close to 316L in many waters.
Carbon and nitrogen are kept very low, at 0.025% and 0.035% maximum. Titanium and niobium are added in an amount linked to carbon plus nitrogen. They form stable carbides and nitrides so that chromium stays in solution after welding. This protects the weld heat-affected zone from intergranular corrosion.
Nickel is only a residual element, which keeps the structure fully ferritic. This ferritic structure is the reason for the excellent resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking. Manganese and silicon are kept low in 444 because they are needed only for deoxidation. On 444 certificates, check molybdenum and the Ti + Nb total, which set its pitting and weld performance. If you compare 444 with 316L, note that 444 has about 2% molybdenum but little or no nickel. This keeps its pitting resistance close to 316L while making it resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking and less sensitive to nickel price changes.
Mechanical Properties for Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar
Mechanical Property
Value
Unit
Tensile Strength (ASTM A479 / A276, annealed)
≥ 415
MPa
Yield Strength 0.2% (ASTM A479, annealed)
≥ 310
MPa
Elongation in 50 mm or 4D (ASTM A479)
≥ 20
%
Reduction of Area (ASTM A479)
≥ 45
%
Hardness (ASTM A479, annealed)
≤ 217
HB
Mechanical Properties
Check the key mechanical properties and performance requirements of SS 444 Round Bar
The values shown are ASTM A479 requirements for UNS S44400 bar in the annealed condition: 415 MPa tensile strength, 310 MPa yield strength, 20% elongation, 45% reduction of area and 217 HB maximum. For cold-drawn bars, A479 permits 12% elongation and 35% reduction of area. European bars to EN 10088-3 have their own limits and should be read from that standard.
In the annealed condition the bar has moderate strength and good ductility, with yield strength higher than annealed 304 or 316. It cannot be hardened by heat treatment, and strength can only be raised by cold working.
Like other ferritic grades, 444 has a ductile-to-brittle transition. Toughness is good at room temperature in normal bar sizes, but it falls in thick sections and at low temperature. Long exposure between about 400 and 550°C can cause 475°C embrittlement. For design, use the minimum values of the ordered standard and confirm results on the mill certificate. The ASTM A479 minimums for S44400 bar are higher than the flat-product values in ASTM A240, so always state the bar standard on the order to receive the correct acceptance values.
Dimension / Sizes for Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar
Dimension / Size
Value
Unit
Available Diameter Range (supply capability)
6–200
mm
Standard Length (random)
3–6
m
Custom / Cut-to-Length
Available on request
-
Diameter Tolerance
Per ASTM A484 / A484M (hot-finished or cold-finished class) or EN 10060 / EN 10278 h9-h11
-
Length Tolerance
Per ordered standard or as agreed (commonly +50 / -0 mm for cut lengths)
-
Straightness Tolerance
Per ASTM A484 / EN 10060 or as agreed
-
End Condition
Saw cut square, chamfered or as ordered
-
Surface Finish
Annealed and pickled, bright drawn, peeled, turned, ground or polished
-
Dimensions & Sizes
Explore available diameters, lengths, and dimensional requirements for SS 444 Round Bar
Pricing for Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar
Round Bar Prices are generally quoted per kilograms or meters tonnes and can fluctuate with the global raw material and market prices. The final price will depend on a variety of factors, including the grade size, diameter, length, surface finish, the quantity and whether the bars are cut to length or in standard lengths.
For smaller quantities, we can also quote per metre or per piece basis once the required dimensions have been confirmed. Container-loads or orders that are larger in size are typically priced per tonne, based upon the specifications required and the supply conditions.
Please provide your desired dimensions, grades, length number, and end for a current quote including the lead time applicable and details for certification.
Pricing
Get current Stainless Steel 444 Round Bar pricing based on size, quantity, grade, finish, and delivery requirements.
Why Choose Us
Euro Steel Bars is an international distributor, stockist and exporter of stainless round steel bars that cover carbon, stainless alloy, special grades. We stock a variety of sizes and grades. We guarantee every order with mill test certificates as well as full quality-assurance documentation. Our name speaks to our roots: European-sourced materials that is backed by the certificates and rigor that buyers from Asia as well as the Gulf and Africa are looking for.
Each bar we deliver is accompanied by EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates as well as complete documentation of quality, so what you receive corresponds to what’s written in the documents. We carry a selection of sizes and grades ready for transport, and cut length upon the request of customers, which results in quicker lead times, whether you’re ordering just a one-off spec or a complete project tonnage.
We operate an actual wholesale business that is that is supported with an internationally-operated supply chain therefore we are able to serve fabricators sourcing one grade the same way in the same way as an EPC contractor who is placing a large order. Our clients include manufacturers, fabricators EPC construction companies, engineers oil and gas projects as well as construction companies. we design our inventory as well as documentation to show what buyers need to bring projects forward.
Our customers trust us across Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Italy and South Africa. If you’re looking to source an Gulf energy project, or a construction project within Southeast Asia, you get the same quality of certified material, the exact documentation, and the exact delivery procedure.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I choose 444 or 316L for hot water service?
Is 444 stainless steel as corrosion resistant as 316?
Why is 444 used in water heaters and solar tanks?
Is 444 stainless steel magnetic?
How should 444 round bar be welded and processed?
When is 444 the wrong choice?
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